Myostatin Boy Essay Example for Free

Myostatin Boy Essay Many scientists believe the find could eventually lead to drugs for treating eople with muscular dystrophy and other muscle-destroying conditions. And athletes would almost surely want to get their hands on such a drug and use it like steroids to bulk up. The boys mutant DNA segment was found to block production of a protein called myostatin that limits muscle growth. The news comes seven years after researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore created buff mighty mice by turning off the gene that directs cells to produce myostatin. Now we can say that myostatin acts the same way in humans as in animals, said the boys physician, Dr. Markus Schuelke, a professor in the child neurology department at Charite/ University Medical Center Berlin. We can apply that knowledge to humans, including trial therapies for muscular dystrophy. Given the huge potential market for such drugs, researchers at universities and pharmaceutical companies already are trying to find a way to limit the amount and activity of myostatin in the body. Wyeth has Just begun human tests of a genetically engineered antibody designed to neutralize myostatin. Dr. Lou Kunkel, director of the genomics program at Boston Childrens Hospital and professor of pediatrics and genetics at Harvard Medical School, said success is possible within several years. Just decreasing this protein by 20, 30, 50 percent can have a profound effect on muscle bulk, said Kunkel, who is among the doctors participating in the Wyeth research. Slow wasting process Muscular dystrophy is the worlds most common genetic disease. There is no cure and the most common form, Duchennes, usually kills before adulthood. The few treatments being tried to slow its progression have serious side effects. Muscle asting also is common in the elderly and patients with diseases such as cancer and AIDS. If you could find a way to block myostatin activity, you might slow the wasting process, said Dr. Se-Jin Lee, the Johns Hopkins professor whose team created the mighty mice. Lee said he believes a myostatin blocker also could suppress fat accumulation and thus thwart the development of diabetes. Lee and Johns Hopkins would receive royalties for any myostatin-blocking drug made by Wyeth. Dr. Eric Hoffman, director of Childrens National Medical Centers Research Center for Genetic Medicine, said he believes a muscular dystrophy cure will be found, but he is unsure whether it will be a myostatin-blocking drug, another treatment or a combination, because about a dozen genes have some effect on muscles. He said a mystotatin- blocking drug could help other groups of people, including astronauts and others who lose muscle mass during long stints in zero gravity or when immobilized by illness or a broken limb. Eventual health problems? Researchers would not disclose the German boys identity but said he was born to a nd three other close male relatives all were unusually strong, with one of them a construction worker able to unload heavy curbstones by hand. In the mother, one copy of the gene is mutated and the other is normal; the boy has two mutated copies. One almost definitely came from his father, but no information about him has been disclosed. The mutation is very rare in people. The boy is healthy now, but doctors worry he could eventually suffer heart or other health problems. In the past few years, scientists have seen great potential in myostatin-blocking strategies. Internet marketers have been hawking myostatin-blocking supplements to bodybuilders, though doctors say the products are useless and perhaps dangerous. Some researchers are trying to turn off the myostatin gene in chickens to produce more meat per bird. And several breeds of cattle have natural variations in the gene that, aided by selective breeding, give them far more muscle and less fat than other steer. He could do the iron cross when he was 5 months old, said his adoptive mother, Dana Hoekstra of Roosevelt Park. She was referring to a difficult gymnastics move in hich a male athlete suspends himself by his arms between two hanging rings, forming the shape of a cross. Liam has the kind of physical attributes that bodybuilders and other athletes dream about: 40 percent more muscle mass than normal, Jaw-dropping strength, breathtaking quickness, a speedy metabolism and almost no body fat. Liam can run like the wind, has the agility of a cat, lifts pieces of furniture that most children his age couldnt push across a slick floor and eats like there is no tomorrow without gaining weight. Liam Hoekstra was hanging upside down by his feet when he performed an inverted sit-up, his shirt falling away to expose rippled abdominal muscles. It was a display of raw power one might expect to see from an Olympic gymnast. Liam is 19 months old. The so-called myostatin blockade has generated tremendous interest in the bodybuilding community. Some nutritional supplements claim to block myostatin, but researchers have said the claims are not scientifically valid. If the myostatin protein is knocked out, muscles grow and rejuvenate much more uickly,

Tay-Sachs Essays -- Health Medical Medicine Biology Essays

Tay-Sachs Abstract Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by a mutation to the gene which codes for Hex A. Without Hex A, a cell cannot degrade GM2 ganglioside into GM3 ganglioside. This results in a build up of ganglioside’s in lysosomes of neurons. The result is varying degrees of mental deterioration. New DNA-based screening is currently being developed to replace the enzyme-based screening techniques that have been used since 1969. This will not only speed up the diagnosis, but also allow for earlier detection of Tay-Sachs by using the parents genotypes. Introduction Tay-Sachs disease is one of three autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorders, collectively known as the GM2 gangliosidoses. They result from accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in lysosomes, primarily of neurons. The clinical symptoms of Tay-Sachs vary from infantile lethal neurodegenerative disease to less severe adult onset forms. The latter are often characterized by motor neuron impairments. The recognition of the high incidence of this disease among Ashkenazi Jews and the identification of the deficiency of hexosaminidase A as the basic defect were essential findings leading to the establishment of mass carrier screening programs for this disease [2]. Recently, research has focused on the DNA-based diagnostics that are anticipated to play a role in future carrier screening programs [1]. GM2 ganglioside hydrolysis The lysosomal hydrolase, beta-hexosaminidase, occurs predominantly in two forms, hexosaminidase A (Hex A) and hexosaminidase B (Hex B). Hex A is comprised of one alpha and one beta subunit while Hex B is comprised of two beta subunits [3]. While both subunits contain similar active sites, only the alpha subunit can hydrolyze GM2 gan... ... Gravel, R. (1990). The molecular basis of Tay-Sachs disease: mutation identification and diagnosis. Clin. Biochem. 23:409-415. 2. Navon, R., Proia, R. (1991). Tay-Sachs disease in Moroccan Jews deletion of a phenylalanine in the alpha-subunit of beta--hexosaminidase. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48:412-419. 3. Gray, R.G.F., Green, A., Rabb, L., Broadhead, D.M., Besley, G.T.N. (1990). A case of the B1 variant of GM2-gangliosidosis. J. Inher. Metab. Dis. 13:280-282. 4. Meier, E., Schwarzmann, G., Furst, W., Sandhoff, K. (1991). The human GM2 activator protein. J. Biological Chem. 266:1879-1887. 5. Mahuran, D.J. (1991). The biochemistry of HEXA and HEXB gene mutations causing GM2 gangliosidosis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1096:87-94. 6. Robbins, S., Ranzi, R., Kumar, V., (Eds). (1984). Pathologic Basis of Disease. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Co. 142-145.

Ethical Issues in Business Essay

The issue of ethical behavior is one of the top challenges facing organizations today. A good definition of ethics includes the thought of doing what is morally acceptable or what is â€Å"good† and â€Å"right† as opposed to doing what is â€Å"bad† or â€Å"wrong† (Sims, 1992). But why are these issues a concern for organizations? What can they do to promote ethical behavior from their employees? Organizations should be concerned with ethical behavior for many reasons. Even though ethical decisions are not always black and white, ethical behavior is important to the organization because ethical behavior enhances the corporate reputation, helps attract talented employees, and enhances the corporate image. First, there is evidence that profitability is enhanced by a reputation for honesty and corporate citizenship (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2009). After all, the number one reason for business is to make a profit, thus returning value to its share holders. Consumers are more likely to buy goods or services from a reputable company then one with a reputation for unethical behavior. The Ford Company in the 1970’s was a good example of lost sales due to an unethical decision. When the Ford Pinto was hit in the rear, the gas tank would often explode. Ford was slow to acknowledge the problem. By the time Ford admitted that they had a flawed design, many consumers had stopped buying Fords. Another reason organizations should be concerned with ethical behavior is its ability to attract talented employees. In a recent survey eighty three percent of those polled rated a company’s record as â€Å"very important† when deciding to accept a job offer (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2009). Hiring and keeping innovative, creative and talented employees is essential for businesses as they attempt to compete in this global economy. Without talented people, organizations will be at a disadvantage when it comes to competing for future business. Being good corporate citizens is another reason that organizations should be concerned with ethical behavior. Businesses have many stakeholders that rely on them. These include shareholders, current and former employees, customers, suppliers and communities where facilities are located (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2009). Businesses are more than just profit centers today. When making decisions, businesses must consider the social, political, and environmental effects as well as the profitability aspect. The challenge to be a good corporate citizen has put the emphasis on being an ethical company, with every decision made. Ethics is an important organizational issue, but ethics starts with the individual. We make decisions based on a combination of our personality characteristics, values and moral principles (Kinicki, Kreitner, 2009). Each of us â€Å"learns† what is right or wrong as we grow up. Our moral compass is set by what we learn from parents, teachers, grandparents, siblings and society. We take our observations and experiences and use them to form our opinion as to what right and wrong means. We then use our moral compass to make decisions as we become employees and managers of business. Organizations should do everything necessary to address ethical issues up front. If they are unsuccessful in eliminating issues before they happen, organizations should be forthright in communicating any possible wrongdoing. Consider an example shared recently in the Wall Street Journal. Defense contractor DynCorp International Inc. recently admitted that it may have violated Foreign Corrupt Practices when it tried to speed up the issuances of visas and licensing related to work for the U. S. government overseas† (Cole, 2009, p. B. 4). This possible violation, if legitimate, was committed by sub-contractors working for DynCorp. By proactively disclosing possible wrongful behavior, DynCorp is sending a message that it will not tolerate unethical behavior by its employees or sub-contractors. But organizations can do more than address possible issues after they occur. They can impact ethical behavior in a positive manner through various means. By utilizing different measures organizational culture can be affected in a positive way. Ethical behavior starts at the top (Sims, 1992). The ethical tone of an organization is set with its top managers. How top management acts when faced with an ethical dilemma, strongly effects how the rest of the organization will react when they face questionable issues. By walking the walk and talking the talk, organizational leaders can show their subordinates what they expect in the area of ethics. Actions and words by top executives will set the tone for the entire organization. Another way an organization can positively affect ethical behavior is through a corporate code of ethics. This code of ethics should be shared with all employees throughout the organization. The company that I work for emails the code of ethics to all employees annually. A high ranking executive will send the code out for all to read. Each employee then is required to electronically sign indicating that he or she understands the code. This annual process sends the message that unethical behavior will not be tolerated. Organizations have much to do to be a productive, profitable entity in today’s global economy. Building an organizational culture that supports ethical decision making through active leadership, positive community actions, and employee involvement will go a long way toward meeting business goals. With a strong culture in place, organizations will be seen in a positive light by their customers, future and current employees, and by the communities where they do business. Being a good corporate citizenship will lead to a well liked, responsible, financially supported organization that can be competitive in the twenty first century.

Native Elements and Minerals List

Native elements are chemical elements that occur in nature in an uncombined or pure form. Although most elements are found only in compounds, a rare few are native. For the most part, native elements also form chemical bonds and occur in compounds. Here is a list of these elements: Native Elements That Are Metals Ancient man was familiar with several pure elements, mainly metals. Several of the noble metals, such as gold and platinum, exist free in nature. The gold group and platinum group, for example, are all elements that exist in the native state. The rare earth metals are among elements that do not exist in native form. Aluminum - AlBismuth -Â  BiCadmium - CdChromium - CrCopper - CuGold - AuIndium - InIron - FeIridium - IrLead - PbMercury - HgNickel - NiOsmium - OsPalladium - PdPlatinum - PtRhenium - ReRhodium - RhSilver - AgTantalum - TaTin - SnTitanium - TiVanadium - VZinc - Zn Native Elements That Are Metalloids or Semimetals Antimony - SbArsenic - AsSilicon - SiTellurium - Te Native Elements That Are Nonmetals Note gases are not listed here, even though they may exist in pure form. This is because gases are not considered minerals and also because they freely mix with other gases, so you are unlikely to encounter a pure sample. However, the noble gases do not readily combine with other elements, so you might consider them native in that respect. The noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon. Similarly, diatomic gases, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen are not considered native elements. Carbon - CSelenium - SeSulfur - S Native Alloys In addition to elements that occur in the native state, there are a few alloys also found free in nature: BrassBronzeElectrumGerman SilverGold-Mercury AmalgamPewterSilver-Mercury AmalgamWhite Gold The native alloys and other native metals were mankinds only access to metals prior to the development of smelting, which is believed to have begun around 6500 BC. Even though metals were known before this, they typically occurred in very small quantities, so they were not available to most people. Sources Fleischer, Michael; Cabri, Louis J.; Chao, George Y.; Pabst, Adolf (1980). New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist. 65: 1065–1070.Mills, S.J.; Hatert, F.; Nickel, E.H.; Ferraris, G. (2009). The standardisation of mineral group hierarchies: application to recent nomenclature proposals. Eur. J. Mineral. 21: 1073–1080. doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1994

Conflicts Resolved in the Joy Luck Club - 1442 Words

â€Å"The most difficult thing in life is to know your self.† This quote stated by Thales, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus, adequately describes the posing conflicts in Amy Tan’s novel, The Joy Luck Club. The desire to find ones true identity, along with the reconciliation of their Chinese culture and their American surroundings, is a largely significant conflict among the characters of the novel. In the discovery of ones individuality develops a plethora of conflicts involving the theme of a lack of communication and misinterpretation of one another. Although, as time progresses, the various conflicts of the characters in The Joy Luck Club that pose major threats to a flourishing mother-daughter relationship are resolved with an†¦show more content†¦Stemming from the conflict of the desire to find one’s identity develops the theme of the lack of communication among mother and daughter. â€Å"To effectively communicate, we must realize th at we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.† This quote said by the American writer and professional speaker, Anthony Robbins, effectively describes the conflict of communication among the characters of The Joy Luck Club. Each of the four mothers and daughters demonstrates the problematic situation of talking to and understanding one another. For example, Jing-Mei and her mother Suyuan have different views of their Chinese culture. Suyuan is proud to have been born a Chinese woman and refuses to let go of her roots, continuing traditions after immigrating to America. On the other hand, Jing-Mei is embarrassed of her mothers pride and shows little interest in her heritage, due to being born and raised in America. The differences in attitudes of mother and daughter toward their Chinese heritage, makes it difficult to relate to one another. Suyuan has also undergone much suffering in her lifetime and cannot empathize with Jing-Mei’s lighthearted attitude. In addition, Amy Tan had the same problem with her mother. In her essay â€Å"Mother Tongue† she says, â€Å"I know this for aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Conflicts in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club1609 Words   |  7 PagesJoy Luck Club Conflicts Many Misconceptions and Delusions Conflicts play a crucial role in novels. Without conflict, novels would be uninteresting and very dull. Conflicts are seen in many different forms, as internal conflicts, when a character must deal with private problems, and external conflicts, when a character must deal with problems originating from an external source, like another person or society in general. Some common conflicts seen in other novels are person versus societyRead MorePlot Development in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club 613 Words   |  2 Pagesorganized, while others would say that plot structure tends to add too much order to a piece of work and hinder the reader from exploring true creativity. A great example of these two contrasting ideas is illustrated in Amy Tan’s well-known novel â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†. Although some could argue that there is no definite plot structure portrayed at all within the book, this is not true. A slight plot lies within each individual short story. While there mig ht not be an overall rising and falling action connectedRead MoreSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s Relationship in the Joy Luck Club Essays873 Words   |  4 PagesSuyuan and Jing-Mei’s relationship in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan, Jing-Mei and her mother have a very rocky relationship. Tan develops a relationship between Suyuan and Jing-Mei that is distant in the beginning due to culture differences and miscommunication, but gradually strengthens with time and understanding. Both of them have different backgrounds and have been influenced by two different cultures. Suyuan grew up in China and behaves according to the ChineseRead MoreAmy Tan Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagessuffered a serious illness. Tan resolved to take a trip to China with her mother if she recovered. In 1987, after Daisy Tan returned to health, they traveled to China to visit the three daughters that Daisy had not seen for several decades and the three sisters Tan had never met. The trip provided Tan with a new perspective on her mother, and it proved to be the key inspiration for her first book, The Joy Luck, a collection of sixteen interlocking stories about the conflicts between Chinese immigran t mothersRead MoreAmy Tan s Touching Novel The Joy Luck Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages Amy Tan’s touching novel The Joy Luck follows four mothers/daughters pairings. Each pair had a momentous experience from childhood that had an impact on them in their adulthood. The impact is shown by the way Suyuan Woo, Lindo Jong, Ying-ying St. Clair, and An-mei Hsu, who left their country for their own respective reasons raise their daughters. The Joy Luck is centered around their American-born daughters Jing-mei â€Å"June† Woo, Waverly Jong, Lena St. Clair, and Rose Hsu Jordan. The problems eachRead MoreJing Mei Woo : The Joy Luck Club-2238 Words   |  9 PagesThe Joy Luck Club- This section of the book starts off with Jing-mei discussing the fact that since her mother passed away she will now be taking over her seat in the joy luck club. After this information is shared, there is background information for the club these women are a part of. Expositional elements are shared in this section as well. In order to keep her family safe, Suyuan moved her twin daughters and herself to Kweilin with other refugees where she then created the joy luck club. SheRead MoreJoy Luck Club2097 Words   |  9 PagesJoy Luck Club Plot The eight main characters of the movie all had to contend with different types of conflicts, some such as Waverlys Mother had to endure a type of social conflict from the 1st wife and other concubines, the unjust discrimination of the husbands family, while other characters such as Mei-mei had to endure a life of living under the shadow of Waverly. But each of the characters despite having different types of conflicts be it elemental, physical or psychological, all hadRead MoreJoy Luck Club2104 Words   |  9 PagesJoy Luck Club Plot The eight main characters of the movie all had to contend with different types of conflicts, some such as Waverlys Mother had to endure a type of social conflict from the 1st wife and other concubines, the unjust discrimination of the husbands family, while other characters such as Mei-mei had to endure a life of living under the shadow of Waverly. But each of the characters despite having different types of conflicts be it elemental, physical or psychological, all had toRead MoreI Am My Mother s Abuser2054 Words   |  9 Pagesmother will still remember and have the same love and passion for their daughter since the day she was born. In the book The Joy Luck Club, created by Amy Tan , the two main characters of the book have a very rocky and conflict built mother and daughter relationship. But they still have a lot of love and compassion for one another. Part of the reason they have so much conflict between them is because their external and internal environments are drastically different, which is a product of differentRead MoreThe Sonnet Form: William Shakespeare6305 Words   |  26 Pagesstanza. Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia contains examples of the sestina. Sonnet: A single-stanza lyric poem containing fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter. In some formulations, the first eight lines (octave) pose a question or dilemma that is resolved in the final six lines (sestet). There are three predominant sonnet forms. * Italian or Petrarchan sonnet: Developed by the Italian poet Petrarch, this sonnet is divided into an octave with the rhyme scheme ABBAABBA or ABBACDDC and a sestet with

Taking a Look at Cave Art - 691 Words

When you think of cave art you may think of it is a way of just communicating or it does not really have much meaning to it. But when you really look into the art you find so much more. It’s amazing what you can find about the humans in the past just through their art, you get to find out where did they creativity come from and why did they create. In this essay I am going to discuss what made the features on the cave so special? And why were they made? The stunning prehistoric cave art at Altamira was decorated between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago. It was first discovered by Marcelino sanz de sautuola and his daughter Maria He tried to bring attention to the old art at Altamira, for its drawing of animals. The animals that were drawn were aurochs, horses, ibexes, and boar. The art features were so special; the uneven contours of the rock give the animals almost a three-dimensional presence. The animals pasture, the colors were mostly red and black, and the shading was also in colors which were yellow, brown, purple and white. The art was so powerfully the contemporaries thought the paintings were not authentic because of how well it was drawn. They believed someone else have drawn the art. They couldn’t grip that art existed in prehistory. That was until Emile Cartailhac, one of the French experts realize him doubting the painting was in error. The conclusion he came to was that the Altamira paintings and others like them did belong to â€Å"theShow MoreRelatedThe Study of the Dunbar Cave in Montgomery County, Tennessee Essay570 Words   |  3 PagesDunbar Cave in Montgomery County, Tennessee to learn more about the varied ways that the cave was used by people. Many of the artifacts that was in the cave linked its usage time to be from the Late Paleo-Indian to the Mississippian period. The article define dark-zone cave art as â€Å"the decorations in the areas of the caves that is beyond the reach of external lights†. Mug Glyph Cave art was found in the 12th Unnamed Cave in Tennessee and since then sixty-nine other caves that had dark-zone cave artRead MoreAllegory Of The Giver By Lois Lowry1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Republic, Book X and The Allegory of The Cave in relation to the Lois Lowryâ⠂¬â„¢s The Giver. What I would like to be kept in mind while making our comparison, is my previous commentary on the Allegory of the Cave from prior class discussions on Plato, The Allegory of the Cave shows us to not just stare at the known shadows and be satisfied with it, but to look beyond it to find the truth and real understanding. And Plato’s ideas in regards to art as discussed in the Republic, Book X. 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What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur free essay sample

The Renaissance was period of time in which Roman and Latin culture was revived into the lives of the European people. It occurred between the 14th and the 17th century. It began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. It changed the lives of many by introducing Roman and Latin architecture, art, science, religion, technology, medicine and anatomy. The Renaissance changed art by introducing linear perspective, becoming less focused on religion and by establishing new techniques. Artists then painted in three dimensions so the paintings looked more realistic. The new techniques consisted of use of lighting, shadows, and human anatomy. For example, Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa included new techniques such as lighting and shadows and human anatomy. These changes occurred because art became less focused on religion and painted became more interested in the idea of humanism and man. The Renaissance intensely changed the people’s concept of religion. We will write a custom essay sample on What Changes Took Place During the Renaissance and Why Did They Occur? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The printing press made the Bible more accessible to the common people. Martin Luther was a German Protestant theologian. His translation made the Bible more accessible to the common people and caused a tremendous impact of the Catholic Church. He provided the foundation for the King James Version of the Bible and believed that anyone could translate and have an opinion on the Bible, not just the Catholic priests. After reading it they then disagreed with what the Catholic Church was teaching them before and learnt that the Catholic Church was corrupt and people couldn’t buy their way into heaven, and soon people opposed the Catholic Church’s understanding of the Bible and started their own Protestant religions. This happened because the Catholic Church had lost power and people could think for themselves, and the printing press printed more Bibles so people read more of it. In the Renaissance technology took a giant leap forward by introducing the printing press, magnetic compass, eyeglasses and the windmill. The printing press helped many especially the poor to read and learn more. Before the printing press, writers would have to write each book by hand, which would take long and cost a lot, so only the rich could afford them. But when the printing press came, people would be hired to print books and other pages very quickly and therefore cost less. The magnetic compass was introduced mainly to sailors to help them navigate more easily in the sea without the need for navigation but stars or sun. The eyeglasses helped many older people who have difficulty to see. Before, these people would have to cope without seeing properly and life would be hard to live for them. In conclusion, the Renaissance was one of the most important time periods for the development of humanity because of its significant advancements in science, technology, religion, and art. These improvements were caused mainly by the introduction towards humanism and the fall of superstition, corruption and the Catholic Church. This period of time sparked a new age of thoughts and opinions for the advancement of humanity.